Banned Books Week and Censorship: Challenged Classics

The ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom records attempts to remove books from libraries, schools, and universities. These titles are books on the Radcliffe Publishing Course Top 100 Novels of the 20th Century that have been banned or challenged. This list was originally written and made available on the Banned & Challenged Classics webpage from the American Library Association. 

Reasons why The Great Gatsby has been challenged:

• Challenged at the Baptist College in Charleston, SC, (1987) because of "language and sexual references in the book."

Reasons why The Catcher in the Rye has been challenged:

• A teacher in Tulsa, OK, (1960) was fired for assigning the book to an eleventh grade English class. The teacher appealed and was reinstated by the school board, but the book was removed from use in the school.
• A delegation of parents of high school students in Columbus, OH, (1963) asked the school board to ban the novel for being "anti-white" and "obscene." The school board refused the request.
• Removed from the required reading list of a Medicine Bow, WY,  Senior High School English class (1986) because of sexual references and profanity in the book.
• Banned from a required sophomore English reading list at the Napoleon, ND, High School (1987) after parents and the local Knights of Columbus chapter complained about its profanity and sexual references.
• Challenged at the Linton-Stockton, IN, High School (1988) because the book is "blasphemous and undermines morality."
• Challenged at the Oxford Hills High School in Paris, ME (1996). A parent objected to the use of the 'F' word.
• Removed by a Dorchester District 2 school board member in Summerville, SC, (2001) because it "is a filthy, filthy book."
• Challenged by a Glynn County, GA, school board member (2001) because of profanity. The novel was retained.
• Challenged in the Big Sky High School (2009) in Missoula, MT.

For the full list of reasons why The Catcher in the Rye has been challenged, please see the Banned & Challenged Classics page from the American Library Association. 

Reasons why The Grapes of Wrath has been challenged:

• Burned by the East St. Louis, IL, Public Library (1939) and barred from the Buffalo, NY, Public Library (1939) on the grounds that "vulgar words" were used. Banned in Kansas City, MO (1939).
• Banned in Kern County, CA, the scene of Steinbeck's novel (1939).
• Banned in  Ireland (1953).
• On Feb. 21, 1973, eleven Turkish book publishers went on trial before an  Istanbul martial law tribunal on charges of publishing, possessing and selling books in  violation of an order of the Istanbul martial law command. They faced possible sentences of  between one month's and six months' imprisonment "for spreading propaganda unfavorable to  the state" and the confiscation of their books. Eight booksellers were also on trial with  the publishers on the same charge involving The Grapes of Wrath.
• Banned in Kanawha, IA, High School classes (1980).
• Challenged in Vernon Verona Sherill, NY, School District (1980). 
• Challenged as required reading for Richford, VT, (1981) High School English students due to  the book's language and portrayal of a former minister who recounts how he took advantage  of a young woman.
• Banned in Morris, Manitoba, Canada (1982).
• Removed from two Anniston, Alabama, high school libraries (1982), but later reinstated on a restrictive basis.
• Challenged  at the Cummings High School in Burlington, NC, (1986) as an optional reading assignment  because the "book is full of filth. My son is being raised in a Christian home and this book takes the Lord's name in vain and has all kinds of profanity in it." Although the  parent spoke to the press, a formal complaint with the school demanding the book's removal  was not filed.
• Challenged at the Moore County school system in Carthage, NC, (1986) because  the book contains the phase "God damn."
• Challenged in the Greenville, SC, schools (1991)  because the book uses the name of God and Jesus in a "vain and profane manner along with  inappropriate sexual references."
• Challenged in the Union City, TN, High School  classes (1993).

Reasons why To Kill a Mockingbird has been challenged:

• Challenged in Eden Valley, MN, (1977) and temporarily banned due to words "damn" and "whore lady" used in the novel.
• Challenged in the Vernon Verona Sherill, NY, School District (1980)  as a "filthy, trashy novel."
• Challenged at the Warren, IN, Township schools (1981) because the book does "psychological damage to the positive integration process" and "represents  institutionalized racism under the guise of good literature. "After unsuccessfully trying to ban Lee's novel, three Black parents resigned from the township human relations advisory council.
• Challenged in the Waukegan, IL, School District (1984) because the novel uses racist and derogatory language. 
• Challenged in the Kansas City, MO, junior high schools (1985). Challenged at  the Park Hill, MO, Junior High School (1985) because the novel "contains profanity and  racial slurs." Retained on a supplemental eighth grade reading list in the Casa Grande, AZ, Elementary School District (1985), despite the protests by Black parents and the National  Association for the Advancement of Colored People who charged the book was unfit for junior high use.
• Challenged at the Moss Point, MS, School District (1996) because the novel contains a racial epithet. Banned from the Lindale, TX, advanced placement English reading list (1996) because the book "conflicted with the values of the community."
• Challenged by a Glynn County, GA, (2001) School Board member because of profanity. The novel was retained. Returned to the freshman reading list at Muskogee, OK, High School (2001) despite complaints over the years from Black students and parents about racial slurs in the text.  

For the full list of reasons why To Kill a Mockingbird has been challenged, please see the Banned & Challenged Classics page form the American Library Association. 

Reasons why The Color Purple has been challenged:

• Challenged as appropriate reading for Oakland, CA, High School honors class (1984) due to the work's "sexual and social explicitness" and its "troubling ideas about race relations, man's relationship to God, African history, and human sexuality." After nine months of haggling and delays, a divided Oakland Board of Education gave formal approval for the book's use.
• Rejected for purchase by the Hayward, CA, school's trustee (1985) because of "rough language" and "explicit sex scenes."
• Removed from the open shelves of the Newport News, VA, school library (1986) because of its "profanity and sexual references" and placed in a special section accessible only to students over the age of 18 or who have written permission from a parent. Challenged at the public libraries of Saginaw, MI, (1989) because it was “too sexually graphic for a 12-year-old.”  
• Challenged as a reading assignment at the New Burn, NC, High School (1992) because the main character is raped by her stepfather.
• Banned in the Souderton, PA Area School District (1992) as appropriate reading for 10th graders because it is "smut." Challenged on the curricular reading list at Pomperaug High School in Southbury, CT, (1995) because sexually explicit passages aren’t appropriate high school reading.
• Challenged at the St. Johns County Schools in St. Augustine, FL, (1995). Retained on the Round Rock, TX, Independent High School reading list (1996) after a challenge that the book was too violent.
• Challenged, but retained, as part of the reading list for Advanced Placement English classes at Northwest High Schools in High Point, NC, (1996). The book was challenged because it is "sexually graphic and violent."
• Removed from the Ferguson High School library in Newport News, VA (1999). Students may request and borrow the book with parental approval.

For the full list of reasons why The Color Purple has been challenged, see the Banned & Challenged Classics page from the American Library Association.

Information on bans to James Joyce's Ulysses: 

• Burned in the U.S. (1918), Ireland (1922), Canada (1922), and England (1923).
• Banned in England (1929).

Reasons why Beloved has been challenged: 

• Challenged at the St. Johns County Schools in St. Augustine, FL, (1995). Retained on the Round Rock, TX, Independent High School reading list (1996) after a challenge that the book was too violent.
• Challenged by a member of the Madawaska, ME, School Committee (1997) because of the book's language. The 1987 Pulitzer Prize winning novel has been required reading for the advanced placement English class for six years.
• Challenged in the Sarasota County, FL, schools (1998) because of sexual material.  Retained on the Northwest Suburban High School District 214 reading listing in Arlington Heights, IL, (2006), along with eight other challenged titles.  A board member, elected amid promises to bring her Christian beliefs into all board decision-making, raised the controversy based on excerpts from the books she’d found on the Internet.  
• Challenged in the Coeur d’Alene School District, ID, (2007).  Some parents say the book, along with five others, should require parental permission for students to read them.
•  Pulled from the senior Advanced Placement (AP) English class at Eastern High School in Louisville, KY, (2007) because two parents complained that the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel about antebellum slavery depicted the inappropriate topics of bestiality, racism, and sex. The principal ordered teachers to start over with The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne in preparation for upcoming AP exams.

Reasons why Lord of the Flies has been challenged:

• Challenged at the Dallas, TX, Independent School District high school libraries (1974). 
• Challenged at the Sully Buttes, SD, High School (1981). Challenged at the Owen, NC High School (1981) because the book is "demoralizing inasmuch as it implies that man is little more than an animal."
• Challenged at the Marana, AZ, High School (1983) as an inappropriate reading assignment.
• Challenged at the Olney, TX, Independent School District (1984) because of "excessive violence and bad language." A committee of the Toronto, Canada, Board of Education ruled on June 23, 1988, that the novel is "racist and recommended that it be removed from all schools." Parents and members of the black community complained about a reference to "niggers" in the book and said it denigrates Blacks.
• Challenged in the Waterloo, IA, schools (1992) because of profanity, lurid passages about sex, and statements defamatory to minorities, God, women and the disabled.
• Challenged, but retained on the ninth-grade accelerated English reading list in Bloomfield, NY, (2000).

Reasons why 1984 has been challenged: 

• Challenged in the Jackson County, FL (1981) because Orwell's novel is "pro-communist and contained explicit sexual matter."

Reasons why Lolita has been banned or challenged: 

• Banned as obscene in France (1956-1959), in England (1955-59), in Argentina (1959), and in New Zealand (1960). The South African Directorate of Publications announced on November 27, 1982, that Lolita has been taken off the banned list, eight years after a request for permission to market the novel in paperback had been refused.  
• Challenged at the Marion-Levy Public Library System in Ocala, FL (2006). The Marion County commissioners voted to have the county attorney review the novel that addresses the themes of pedophilia and incest, to determine if it meets the state law’s definition of “unsuitable for minors.” 

Reasons why Of Mice and Men has been banned or challenged: 

• Banned in Ireland (1953); Syracuse, IN, (1974); Oil City, PA, (I977); Grand Blanc, MI, (1979); Continental, OH, (1980) and other communities.
• Challenged in Greenville, SC (1977) by the Fourth Province of the Knights of the Ku Klux KIan; Vernon Verona Sherill, NY, School District (1980); St. David, AZ (1981) and Tell City, IN (1982) due to "profanity and using God's name in vain."
• Banned from classroom use at the Scottsboro, AL, Skyline High School (1983) due to "profanity." The Knoxville, TN, School Board chairman vowed to have "filthy books" removed from Knoxville's public schools (1984) and picked Steinbeck's novel as the first target due to "its vulgar language."
• Reinstated at the Christian County, KY, school libraries and English classes (1987) after being challenged as vulgar and offensive. 
• Challenged in the Marion County, WV, schools (1988), at the Wheaton Warrenville, IL, Middle School (1988), and at the Berrien Springs, MI, High School (1988) because the book contains profanity.
• Challenged as a summer youth program reading assignment in Chattanooga, TN, (1989) because "Steinbeck is known to have had an anti business attitude." In addition, "he was very questionable as to his patriotism." Removed from all reading lists and collected at the White Chapel High School in Pine Bluff, AR, (1989) because of objections to language.
• Challenged as appropriate for high school reading lists in the Shelby County, TN school system (1989) because the novel contains "offensive language." 
• Challenged, but retained in a Salina, KS, (1990) tenth grade English class despite concerns that it contains "profanity" and "takes the Lord's name in vain."
• Challenged by a Fresno, CA (1991) parent as a tenth grade English college preparatory curriculum assignment, citing profanity" and "racial slurs." The book was retained, and the child of the objecting parent was provided with an alternative reading assignment. Challenged in the Rivera, TX, schools (1990) because it contains profanity.

For a complete list of reasons why Of Mice and Men has been banned or challenged, see the Banned & Challenged Classics page from the American Library Association. 

Reasons why Catch-22 has been banned or challenged:

• Banned in Strongsville, OH, (1972), but the school board's action was overturned in 1976 by a U.S. District Court in Minarcini v. Strongsville City School District.
• Challenged at the Dallas, TX, Independent School District high school libraries (1974); in Snoqualmie, WA, (1979) because of its several references to women as "whores."

Reasons why Brave New World has been banned and challenged: 

• Banned in Ireland (1932). Removed from classrooms in Miller, MO, (1980), because it makes promiscuous sex "look like fun."
• Challenged frequently throughout the U.S.as required reading.  Challenged as required reading at the Yukon, OK, High School (1988) because of "the book's language and moral content."
• Challenged as required reading in the Corona-Norco, CA, Unified School District (1993) because it is "centered around negative activity." Specifically, parents objected that the characters' sexual behavior directly opposed the health curriculum, which taught sexual abstinence until marriage. The book was retained, and teachers selected alternatives if students object to Huxley's novel.
• Removed from the Foley, AL, High School Library (2000) pending review, because a parent complained that its characters showed contempt for religion, marriage, and family.  The parent complained to the school and to Alabama Governor Don Siegelman.
• Challenged, but retained in the South Texas Independent School District in Mercedes, TX, (2003).  Parents objected to the adult themes—sexuality, drugs, suicide—that appeared in the novel.  Huxley's book was part of the summer Science Academy curriculum.  The board voted to give parents more control over their children's choices by requiring principals to automatically offer an alternative to a challenged book.  
• Retained in the Coeur D’Alene, ID, School District (2008) despite objections that the book has too many references to sex and drug use.

Reasons why Animal Farm has been banned and challenged:

• A Wisconsin survey revealed in 1963 that the John Birch Society had challenged the novel's use; it objected to the words "masses will revolt." In 1968, the New York State English Council's Committee on Defense Against Censorship conducted a comparable study in New York State English classrooms. Its findings identified the novel on its list of "problem books;" the reason cited was that "Orwell was a communist."
• Suppressed from being displayed at the 1977 Moscow, Russia, International Book Fair.
• A survey of censorship challenges in the schools, conducted in DeKalb County for the period of 1979 to 1982, revealed that the novel had been objected to for its political theories.
• Banned from Bay County's four middle schools and three high schools in Panama City, FL, by the Bay County school superintendent in 1987. After 44 parents filed a suit against the district claiming that its instructional aids policy denies constitutional rights, the Bay County School Board reinstated the book, along with sixty-four others banned.
• Banned from schools in the United Arab Emirates, along with 125 others in 2002.  The Ministry of Education banned it on the grounds that it contains written or illustrated material that contradicts Islamic and Arab values—in this text, pictures of alcoholic drinks, pigs, and other "indecent images."

Information on bans of Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises:

• Banned in Boston, MA, (1930), Ireland (1953), Riverside, CA, (1960), San Jose, CA, (1960). 
• Burned in Nazi bonfires in Germany (1933).

Reasons why As I Lay Dying has been banned or challenged:

• Banned in the Graves County School District in Mayfield, KY, (1986) because it contains "offensive and obscene passages referring to abortion and used God's name in vain." The decision was reversed a week later after intense pressure from the ACLU and considerable negative publicity.
• Challenged as a required reading assignment in an advanced English class of Pulaski County High School in Somerset, KY, (1987) because the book contains "profanity and a segment about masturbation."
• Challenged, but retained, in the Carroll County, MD, schools (1991). Two school board members were concerned about the book's coarse language and dialect. Banned at Central High School in Louisville, KY, (1994) temporarily because the book uses profanity and questions the existence of God.

Reasons why A Farewell to Arms has been banned or challenged: 

• The June 1929 issue of Scribner's Magazine, which ran Hemingway's novel, was banned in Boston, MA (1929).
• Banned in Italy (1929) because of its painfully accurate account of the Italian retreat from Caporetto, Italy.
• Burned by the Nazis in Germany (1933).
• Banned in Ireland (1939). Challenged at the Dallas, TX, Independent School District high school libraries (1974).
• Challenged at the Vernon-Verona-Sherill, NY, School District (1980) as a "sex novel."

Reasons why Their Eyes Were Watching God has been challenged: 

• Challenged for sexual explicitness, but retained on the Stonewall Jackson High School's academically advanced reading list in Brentsville, VA, (1997). A parent objected to the novel's language and sexual explicitness.

Reasons why The Invisible Man has been banned or challenged: 

• Excerpts banned in Butler, PA (1975).
• Removed from the high school English reading list in St. Francis, WI (1975).
• Retained in the Yakima, WA, schools (1994) after a five-month dispute over what advanced high school students should read in the classroom. Two parents raised concerns about profanity and images of violence and sexuality in the book and requested that it be removed from the reading list.  

Reasons why Song of Solomon has been banned or challenged: 

• Challenged, but retained, in the Columbus, OH, schools (1993). The complainant believed that the book contains language degrading to blacks, and is sexually explicit.
• Removed from required reading lists and library shelves in the Richmond County, GA, School District (1994) after a parent complained that passages from the book are "filthy and inappropriate."
• Challenged at the St. Johns County Schools in St. Augustine, FL (1995). Removed from the St. Mary's County, MD, schools' approved text list (1998) by the superintendent, overruling a faculty committee recommendation. Complainants referred to the novel as "filth," "trash," and "repulsive."  
• Reinstated in the Shelby, MI, school Advanced Placement English curriculum (2009), but parents are to be informed in writing and at a meeting about the book’s content.  Students not wanting to read the book can choose an alternative without academic penalty.  The superintendent had suspended the book from the curriculum.

Reasons Why Gone With the Wind has been banned or challenged: 

• Banned from Anaheim, CA, Union High School District English classrooms (1978). 
• Challenged in Waukegan, IL, School District (1984) because the novel uses racist and derogatory language.

Reasons why Native Son has been banned or challenged: 

• Challenged in Goffstown, NH (1978); Elmwood Park, NJ (1978) due to "objectionable" language; and North Adams, MA (1981) due to the book's "violence, sex, and profanity." 
• Challenged at the Berrian Springs, MI, High School in classrooms and libraries (1988) because the novel is "vulgar, profane, and sexually explicit."
• Retained in the Yakima, WA, schools (1994) after a five-month dispute over what advanced high school students should read in the classroom. Two parents raised concerns about profanity and images of violence and sexuality in the book and requested that it be removed from the reading list. 
• Challenged as part of the reading list for Advanced Placement English classes at Northwest High School in High Point, NC (1996). The book was challenged because it is "sexually graphic and violent."
• Removed from Irvington High School in Fremont, CA, (1998) after a few parents complained the book was unnecessarily violent and sexually explicit.
• Challenged in the Hamilton High School curriculum in Fort Wayne, IN, (1998) because of the novel's graphic language and sexual content.

Reasons why One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest has been banned or challenged: 

• Challenged in the Greeley, CO public school district (1971) as a non-required American Culture reading.
• In 1974, five residents of Strongsville, OH, sued the board of education to remove the novel. Labeling it "pornographic," they charged the novel "glorifies criminal activity, has a tendency to corrupt juveniles and contains descriptions of bestiality, bizarre violence, and torture, dismemberment, death, and human elimination."
• Removed from public school libraries in Randolph, NY, and Alton, OK (1975).
• Removed from the required reading list in Westport, MA (1977).
• Banned from the St. Anthony, ID, Freemont High School classrooms (1978) and the instructor fired. The teacher sued. A decision in the case—Fogarty v. Atchley—was never published.
• Challenged at the Merrimack, NH, High School (1982).
• Challenged as part of the curriculum in an Aberdeen, WA, High School honors English class (1986) because the book promotes "secular humanism." The school board voted to retain the title.
• Challenged at the Placentia-Yorba Linda, CA, Unified School District (2000) after complaints by parents stated that teachers "can choose the best books, but they keep choosing this garbage over and over again."

Reasons why Slaughterhouse-Five has been banned or challenged:

• Challenged in many communities, but burned in Drake, ND (1973).
• Banned in Rochester, MI because the novel "contains and makes references to religious matters" and thus fell within the ban of the establishment clause. An appellate court upheld its usage in the school in Todd v Rochester Community Schools, 41 Mich. App. 320, 200 N. W 2d 90 (1972).
• Banned in Levittown, NY (1975), North Jackson, OH (1979), and Lakeland, FL (1982) because of the "book's explicit sexual scenes, violence, and obscene language."
• Barred from purchase at the Washington Park High School in Racine, WI (1984) by the district administrative assistant for instructional services.
• Challenged at the Owensboro, KY High School library (1985) because of "foul language, a section depicting a picture of an act of bestiality, a reference to 'Magic Fingers' attached to the protagonist's bed to help him sleep, and the sentence: 'The gun made a ripping sound like the opening of the fly of God Almighty."' 
• Restricted to students who have parental permission at the four Racine, WI Unified District high school libraries (1986) because of "language used in the book, depictions of torture, ethnic slurs, and negative portrayals of women."
• Challenged at the LaRue County, KY High School library (1987) because "the book contains foul language and promotes deviant sexual behavior.”

For a complete list of reasons why Slaughterhouse-Five has been banned or challenged, see the Banned & Challenged Classics page from the American Library Association. 

Reasons why For Whom the Bell Tolls has been banned or challenged: 

• Declared non-mailable by the U.S. Post Office (1940). 

Information about bans to London's The Call of the Wild:

• Banned in Italy (1929), and Yugoslavia (1929).
• Burned in Nazi bonfires (1933).

Reasons why Go Tell it on the Mountain has been challenged:

• Challenged as required reading in the Hudson Falls, NY, schools (1994) because the book has recurring themes of rape, masturbation, violence, and degrading treatment of women. 
• Challenged as a ninth-grade summer reading option in Prince William County, VA, (1988) because the book is "rife with profanity and explicit sex."

Information on Challenges to All the King's Men:

• Challenged at the Dallas, TX Independent School District high school libraries (1974).

Information about bans and challenges to The Lord of the Rings:

• Burned in Alamagordo, NM, (2001) outside Christ Community Church along with other Tolkien novels as satanic.

Reasons why The Jungle has been banned or challenged:

• Banned from public libraries in Yugoslavia (1929).
• Burned in the Nazi bonfires because of Sinclair's socialist views (1933).
• Banned in East Germany (1956) as inimical to communism. 
• Banned in South Korea (1985).

Reasons why Lady Chatterley's Lover has been banned or challenged:

• Banned by U.S. Customs (1929).
• Banned in Ireland (1932), Poland (1932), Australia (1959), Japan (1959), and India (1959).
• Banned in Canada (1960) until 1962.  
• Dissemination of Lawrence’s novel has been stopped in China (1987) because the book “will corrupt the minds of young people and is also against the Chinese tradition.”

Reasons why A Clockwork Orange has been banned or challenged:

• In 1973 a bookseller in Orem, UT, was arrested for selling the novel. Charges were later dropped, but the book seller was forced to close the store and relocate to another city. 
• Removed from Aurora, CO, high school (1976) due to "objectionable" language and from high school classrooms in Westport, MA, (1977) because of "objectionable" language.
• Removed from two Anniston, AL, High school libraries (1982), but later reinstated on a restricted basis.

Reasons why The Awakening has been banned or challenged:

• Retained on the Northwestern Suburban High School District 214 reading list in Arlington Heights, IL, along with eight other challenged titles in 2006. A board member, elected amid promises to bring her Christian beliefs into all board decision-making, raised the controversy based on excerpts from the books she'd found on the Internet.
• First published in 1899, this novel so disturbed critics and the public that it was banished for decades afterward.

Reasons why In Cold Blood has been banned: 

• Banned, but later reinstated after community protests at the Windsor Forest High School in Savannah, GA (2000). The controversy began in early 1999 when a parent complained about sex, violence, and profanity in the book that was part of an Advanced Placement English Class.

Information on bans and challenges to The Satanic Verses:

• Banned in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Somalia, Sudan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Quatar, Indonesia, South Africa, and India because of its criticism of Islam.
• Burned in West Yorkshire, England (1989) and temporarily withdrawn from two bookstores on the advice of police who took threats to staff and property seriously.
• In Pakistan five people died in riots against the book. Another man died a day later in Kashmir.
• Ayatollah Khomeni issued a fatwa or religious edict, stating, "I inform the proud Muslim people of the world that the author of the Satanic Verses, which is against Islam, the prophet, and the Koran, and all those involved in its publication who were aware of its content, have been sentenced to death."  
• Challenged at the Wichita, KS, Public Library (1989) because the book is "blasphemous to the prophet Mohammed."
• In Venezuela, owning or reading it was declared a crime under penalty of 15 months' imprisonment.
• In Japan, the sale of the English-language edition was banned under the threat of fines.
• The governments of Bulgaria and Poland also restricted its distribution.
• In 1991, in separate incidents, Hitoshi Igarashi, the Japanese translator, was stabbed to death and its Italian translator, Ettore Capriolo, was seriously wounded. In 1993 William Nygaard, its Norwegian publisher, was shot and seriously injured.

Information about bans and challenges to Sophie's Choice:

• Banned in South Africa in 1979.
• Returned to La Mirada High School library (CA) in 2002 after a complaint about its sexual content prompted the school to pull the award-winning novel about a tormented Holocaust survivor.

Information on challenges to Sons and Lovers:

• In 1961 an Oklahoma City group called Mothers United for Decency hired a trailer, dubbed it "smutmobile," and displayed books deemed objectionable, including Lawrence's novel.

Information on challenges to Cat's Cradle: 

• The Strongsville, Ohio, School Board (1972) voted to withdraw this title from the school library; this action was overturned in 1976 by a U.S. District Court in Minarcini v. Strongsville City School District, 541 F. 2d 577 (6th Cir. 1976).  
• Challenged at Merrimack, NH High School (1982).

Reasons why A Separate Peace has been challenged:

• Challenged in Vernon-Verona-Sherill, NY, School District (1980) as a "filthy, trashy sex novel."
• Challenged at the Fannett-Metal High School in Shippensburg, PA, (1985) because of its allegedly offensive language.
• Challenged as appropriate for high school reading lists in the Shelby County, TN, school system (1989) because the novel contains "offensive language."  
• Challenged, but retained in the Champaign, IL, high school English classes (1991) despite claims that “unsuitable language” makes it inappropriate.  
• Challenged by the parent of a high school student in Troy, IL, (1991) citing profanity and negative attitudes. Students were offered alternative assignments while the school board took the matter under advisement, but no further action was taken on the complaint.
• Challenged at the McDowell County, NC, schools (1996) because of "graphic language."

Information on challenges to Naked Lunch:

• Found obscene in Boston, MA, Superior Court (1965). The finding was reversed by the State Supreme Court the following year.

Information on challenges to Brideshead Revisited:

• Alabama Representative Gerald Allen (R-Cottondale) proposed legislation that would prohibit the use of public funds for the "purchase of textbooks or library materials that recognize or promote homosexuality as an acceptable lifestyle." The bill also proposed that novels with gay protagonists and college textbooks that suggest homosexuality is natural would have to be removed from library shelves and destroyed.  The bill would impact all Alabama school, public, and university libraries. While it would ban books like Heather Has Two Mommies, it could also include classic and popular novels with gay characters such as  Brideshead Revisited, The Color Purple or The Picture of Dorian Gray (2005).

Information on challenges to Women in Love: 

• Seized by John Summers of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice and declared obscene (1922).

Information on bans to The Naked and the Dead: 

• Banned in Canada (1949) and Australia (1949).

Information on bans and challenges to Tropic of Cancer:

• Banned from U.S. Customs (1934).
• The U.S. Supreme Court found the novel not obscene (1964). 
• Banned in Turkey (1986).

Information on bans and challenges to An American Tragedy: 

• Banned in Boston, MA (1927).
• Burned by the Nazis in Germany (1933) because it "deals with low love affairs."

Reasons why Rabbit, Run has been banned or challenged:

• Banned in Ireland in 1962 because the Irish Board of Censors found the work "obscene" and "indecent," objecting particularly to the author's handling of the characters' sexuality, the "explicit sex acts" and "promiscuity." The work was officially banned from sales in Ireland until the introduction of the revised Censorship Publications Bill in 1967.
• Restricted to high school students with parental permission in the six Aroostock County, ME, community high school libraries (1976) because of passages in the book dealing with sex and an extramarital affair.
• Removed from the required reading list for English class at the Medicine Bow, WY, Junior High School (1986) because of sexual references and profanity in the book.